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Pugin designed stunning Gothic churches decorated and fitted out in the manner of medieval examples. At their best, as at St. Giles, Cheadle, they glow like jewel-boxes with wall paintings and stained glass. Even Anglicans were impressed. And at the same time the Anglican Church (and its North American counterpart, the Episcopalian) began to make a parallel, if partial, return to medieval values and aesthetics. This happened under the auspices of the Ecclesiological movement, which sought to return Anglican churches to something like their medieval Gothic splendor. British writer John Ruskin, another enthusiastic promoter of Gothic, also had a strong influence on the spread of the style.<\/p>\n
\u201cOn comparing the Architectural Works of the present Century with those of the Middle Ages, the wonderful superiority of the latter must strike every attentive observer.\u201d A.W.N. Pugin, Contrasts<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Viollet-le-Duc<\/h3>\n
Meanwhile in France, another great writer-architect, Viollet-le-Duc, was campaigning on behalf of a revival of Gothic. His most influential work was Entretiens sur l\u2019Architecture (Discourses on Architecture), which came out in two volumes in 1863\u201372. Viollet\u2019s emphasis was different from that of Pugin. His great idea was that the Gothic form of structure\u2014with piers, ribbed vaults and buttresses\u2014was a supremely logical way to build that could be adapted with modern materials, such as cast iron.<\/p>\n
The result, in mainland Europe, Britain and North America, was a concerted revival of the Gothic style. It was used widely to build new churches for the expanding population, to restore old churches and to build all types of structures, from law courts to railway stations. Major architects embraced Gothic, and this major artistic revival transformed cities from Philadelphia to Paris.<\/p>\n
\nOther revivals<\/h4>\n
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